A few years ago, when I first encountered this issue (after setting most of the sites up with HTTPS) I figured this out as well. I don’t know how I got it to work but it eventually did work with https. I have had a dozen or so projects installed for several years on HTTPS and it has worked. It stopped when I moved them all to a new VPS container. I feel there is something else going on here besides this issue, although I know it is a recurring problem and might be related. I have one project deployed to a University server which was set up by their IT and is very secure - lots of extra settings employed to protect their data. Of course, they are using HTTPS and the PDF export WORKS there. The only difference is if you choose the “Open” option, it does not open in the browser but instead prompts you to download to your local machine. BUT IT WORKS. So while I do appreciate your comments and feel your pain, I have had this function work on HTTPS sites up until now.
In fact, I think I will contact their IT guy and ask him how he made it work, despite all their security settings and why it only prompts to download. That might be a clue as to why it’s not working for my sites on my own VPS container. If I find out anything, I’ll post it in this thread.